1. In my opinion Darwin's theory of natural selection was mostly influenced by Thomas Malthus because of his essay On the principle of Population, by studying his essay Darwin was able to discover that when population size is limited by source availability there is constant competition and according to the book "Introduction to Anthropology" , competition among individuals is the ultimate key to understanding natural selection. This was later reflected on Darwin's theory of natural selection, he said "It a once stuck me that under these circumstances favorable variations would tend to be preserved and unfavorable ones to be destroyed." This clearly demonstrates how much Malthus influenced on Darwin's thinking because Malthus was worried about overpopulation and not enough resources and Darwin went further and discovered that the increase of offspring created competition for survival.

2. According to the website All About Science , Malthus contribution to science was the concern that  in nature humans were reproducing too fast and that resources wouldn't be able to reproduce as fast to have enough resources for everyone, according to the website All About Science he encouraged the poor to have smaller families due to their limited economic possibilities to produce enough resources for their families.

3.How does evolution work ? Malthus proposed that massive population growth would leave us without resources, that nature wouldn't keep up to produce enough resources for bigger populations. Malthus essay influenced Darwin's theory of natural selection because he was able to see that population growth increased competency between siblings to survive which also provided more resources, Darwin's theory an today's population helped prove his theory that nature is able to keep up with big big populations, more than 7 billion people in the world and we have enough resources for all of us!

4. I believe that Darwin wouldn't have done his theory of natural selection without the influence of Malthus's essay because he was the one that inspired him to discover natural selection

5.The church attitude toward he new discoveries of evolution were not welcomed, church had and has the belief that everything in this world was created by God, in the time thiis discoveries were being made the teachings of Christianity were the only truth and Darwin was raised that way so he had to overcome his own doubts and past and values,

If I was lost in an island and I had the opportunity to take two items with me,  I would take a knife because it would help me cut stuff to build a shelter and to cut fruit or hunt for animal to eat.  I would also take a big box of matches so I can make a fire, to cook and have some light at night because I don't think I would be able to make a fire rubbing two sticks together on my fist night.